【徐一包養網心得興無】議郎與漢代經學

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Xu Lang and Han Academic Studies

Author: Xu Xingwu (Nanjing Major Literature Institute)Baozhuang

Source: “Edited Writing–The Thoughts and Corrections of Han Academic Studies” Xu Xingwu In Nanjing, Fenghuang came out of the Book Club, 2015

Introduction

In the spring of the fifth year of Jianyuan, Emperor Hanwu of Han began to establish doctoral students [1]. In the summer of the fifth year of the Yuanshuo year, Su Taichang said that he would give doctoral students to worship the transformation of the countryside and to earn materials.” Prime Minister Hong asked to establish doctoral students, and the students became more and more [2]. From then on, the doctoral official system has established the selection of the teaching and authority of Han dynasty. This can be used to refer to the articles “Doctor Wei Examination of Han and Wei Examination of Han dynasty” and “Doctor Wei Examination of Han and Wei’s Title” [3] written by Professor Wang Guo. It is worth noting that the doctoral degree is the 官网: Although the doctoral degree teaches five schools and teaches students to supplement their power, he also participates in political affairs or promotes other officials, so he is one of the official careers of the famous Confucian scholars and officials.

On the contrary, the imperial court’s worship or strategy of conducting famous scholars and political participation is not limited to the doctoral journey. In fact, the Han Dynasty’s academic activities were not only based on Dr. Taichang’s academic system. In addition to the county schools, neighborhoods, and families, other central authority systems were also quite active. The Central Officer “is the origin of the administrative chief of the Central Office” [4], and is a mechanism for evaluating the Han Dynasty’s official system. There is a detailed examination of the article “Examination of Qin and Han Lang Officials’ System”. The academic activities in the Han Dynasty Langguan system have been ignored by the study of history for the purpose of living, and I have been exposed to it in “Liu Xiang Review” [5]. Among them, the “Jianlang” is in the same position as the doctor and is often linked to it. The academic community has paid attention to this. The article “Doctors and Julang in the Han Dynasty” written by Ge Zhiyi [6] started a discussion on related issues in a sensitive manner. The article believes: “The Prosecutor is close to the doctoral position in some aspects, or may even be regarded as a waiter for the doctoral position.” “The Prosecutor of the Han Dynasty is close to the doctoral position in terms of nature, so he has contact with the Han Dynasty’s official responsibilities.” These views are very meaningful. However, due to the limited space of the article, many data and views are not available, and it seems that there is no reference to the results of Wang and Shou Ershi’s related to the doctoral system and Langli’s system. The above views are still worth supplementing or discussing. Therefore, this article wants to imitate Wang and Shou Ershi’s articles and examples, and use the assessment of Langli’s system as a way to deal with the problems of Han Dynasty doctoral system and academic activities.If you have any discussion with previous articles, please publish it in the text.

Stern Farmer Teacher

1. Qualification Rank and Number of Members

(1) rank

The Langguan system is a system of monarchs established since the Qin Qiu war. Han inherited the Qin system. The “public” and “private” careers of the emperor, which were called “nine ministers” and “private” in the system of the “nine ministers” were responsible for the emperor’s “public” and “private” careers [7]. The Langguan Ling became the service organization of the emperor’s political career. “The majority of Qin and Han officials were born in the Qin and Han officials” was also in the truth [8]. Stern Geng looked at the teacher and the teacher who learned the comprehensive Taoism [9]:

In the early leaves of Qin and Western Han, the Langguan stayed in the palace and served in a close relationship. His duties should be the same as before. In the middle of his life, he was appointed by the two paths of the two paths of the war. His selection was also the right of the new and prosperous noble tribe (asset level). However, his nature was still different from the “Lang” of the war country. This is also a modern “scholar”, so he may be called “scholar”. Since Emperor Wu came from the agreement of Dong Zhongshu and Gong Sun Hong, he created the system of Xiaolian and the doctoral student, and the character of Langjia was changed. At the end of Donghan, he was elected and then replaced, and many county officials and students were appointed as officials. After the wealthy family was rich, there were fewer people and students. Only in this way, the job is redundant and does not take the life of the emperor as the key to the task. Therefore, the Donghanlang Office specializes in receiving and training administrative talents and does not become the emperor’s ban on retainers.

Therefore, using the morality advocated by Confucianism as the subject and choosing the target of students as the authority is the key to changing the character of a Lang official. The system of the Langzhongling (Guanghuo) is composed of two teams, including the Great Fu, Lang, Xie, and Qimen and Yulin. We will see “Han Shu·Chen Quan Gong” [10]:

Dragonzhongling, a Qin official, is in charge of the palace and the door of the palace and the palace, and has a secretary. In the first year of Emperor Wu’s Taishi, he changed his name to Guanghu. Those with officials including the officials of the Qin Dynasty, the officials of the Lang, and the Emperor were all Qin Dynasty officials. Qimen and Yulin are also there.

The doctors in charge of the discussions, including Taizhong, middle-aged and senior doctors, all of whom were without staff, as many as ten people…

The man guarded the door and went out to charge the carriage. There were counselors, middle-aged and junior doctors, all of whom were without staff, as many as thousands. The ranks of the royal and the middle-aged man are 600 stones, the ranks of the assistant minister are 400 stones, and the ranks of the doctor are 300 stones. The middle-hand man has three elements, namely, left and right, and the ranks are all compared with two thousand stones. The doctor has three types: car, household and gallop, and the ranks are all comparable to thousands of stones.

The lord is in charge of the officials and is in charge of the work. There are seventy members, with a rank of six hundred stones, and a servant, with a rank of thousands of stones.

In the period of time, he was appointed as the third year of Jianyuan of Emperor Wu, and Bi Lang,There were no men, as many as a thousand people… The Yulin Palm was sent, and the next period was set up in the first year of Emperor Wu’s Taishi…

The middle-aged man, various gangsters, Pushe, Zhenglang, Zhonglang, and Xie were high-level gang officials, with a rank of 600 stones to 200 stones. The Minister of State, Langzhong, Qimen and Yulin Shi were appointed as low-ranking Langguan, with a rank of 300 stones to 400 stones. According to the study of the big court, the level of Han Dynasty’s authority is “there is a boundary between a hundred stones and two hundred stones that cannot be surpassed. The hundred stone officials are chosen by the chief officials of their institutions. If they cannot be promoted to two hundred stones, they must wait for selection or recommendation. Below the hundred stones below are the so-called “sentence officials”, and two hundred stones to four hundred stones are the so-called “responsible officials”. Therefore, once they are selected as the Lang official, “then After crossing the 200th boundary line, he was qualified to be a memorial officer. “[11] In the Han Dynasty, Xiaolian was established as a system of shamans and doctoral students. After Xiaolian arrived in Beijing, he was generally appointed as a doctor [12]; in the Ming Dynasty, he was often recruited as a doctor, and there were also special worshipers. Others had moral character, talent, military merit, reunification, and other subjects. He read the two Han Books’ statistics, which were not as high as the previous two subjects[13].

The book “Han Book·The Recreation of All Officials and the Ministers” “The Rare Book of Zhonghua” photocopying the Northern Song Dynasty edited version

However, the positions of the Magistrate, Zhonglang, Doctor, etc. are not the official positions of the above-mentioned people, but are the appointment of famous scholars and talents. In “The List of Officials and Ministers”, among the nine ministers, the magistrates, Zhonglang, and the doctors who